The liturgical year observed by the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, rooted in the Julian calendar, begins on the 11th of September in the Gregorian system (or the 12th if the preceding Gregorian year is a leap year). This distinct calendar governs the observance of major feasts, fasts, and the daily cycle of prayers, providing a framework for spiritual life and communal worship within the Coptic tradition. A specific year within this system, such as the 2025 iteration, represents a complete cycle of these observances, each holding theological significance and historical resonance.
Maintaining this unique calendar is essential for preserving the ancient traditions and historical continuity of the Coptic Orthodox Church. It dictates the rhythm of life for adherents, guiding participation in sacred mysteries and fostering a sense of shared identity. From the fast of Nineveh to the joyous celebration of Easter (Sham Ennessim), the calendar marks pivotal points in the narrative of salvation, connecting believers to their spiritual heritage and to one another. The annual cycle offers a framework for spiritual reflection, renewal, and the commemoration of significant figures and events in Coptic history.